<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>PTSD - Counselling Experts</title>
	<atom:link href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/tag/ptsd/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://counsellingexperts.ie</link>
	<description>online and in-person clinics in Cork, Youghal, East Cork, and Newcastlewest, Limerick</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 09 Aug 2025 10:17:47 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=7.0</generator>
	<item>
		<title>Betrayal Trauma Counselling, RTT, Hypnotherapy Limerick Cork &#038; ONLINE</title>
		<link>https://counsellingexperts.ie/betrayal-trauma-counselling-rtt-hypnotherapy-limerick-cork-ireland-online/</link>
					<comments>https://counsellingexperts.ie/betrayal-trauma-counselling-rtt-hypnotherapy-limerick-cork-ireland-online/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 2025 21:02:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Counselling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adult Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betrayal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childrens Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Couples Counselling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marriage Counselling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PTSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teenage Counselling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teenagers Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://counsellingexperts.ie/?p=2955</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Betrayal Trauma: Understanding Its Impact and How to Overcome the Emotional Pain, Mental Health Issues &amp; ill Health effects of Trauma Betrayal Trauma Counselling, RTT, Hypnotherapy Limerick Cork &amp; ONLINE Therapy in Newcastle West, Adare LIMERICK, Youghal, Midleton Cork, Dungarven Waterford Betrayal trauma can be one of the most harrowing emotional experiences you will ever [...]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1 data-start="122" data-end="204">Betrayal Trauma: Understanding Its Impact and How to Overcome the Emotional Pain, Mental Health Issues &amp; ill Health effects of Trauma</h1>
<h2>Betrayal Trauma Counselling, RTT, Hypnotherapy Limerick Cork &amp; ONLINE Therapy in Newcastle West, Adare LIMERICK, Youghal, Midleton Cork, Dungarven Waterford</h2>
<p data-start="206" data-end="832">Betrayal trauma can be one of the most harrowing emotional experiences you will ever face. Whether it comes from a spouse, family member, close friend, colleague, or even an institution, betrayal disrupts the foundation of trust and security that we rely on in our relationships. In Ireland, UK, as in many parts of the world, betrayal trauma is a hidden but growing epidemic, affecting many individuals and families. The emotional, psychological, and even physical fallout of betrayal can be completely devastating, however with the right professional support, it is possible to address this trauma and regain emotional strength and well-being.</p>
<p data-start="834" data-end="1409">In this article, we will explore the concept of betrayal trauma, the many forms it can take—including <strong data-start="936" data-end="955">family betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="957" data-end="976">spouse betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="978" data-end="998">sibling betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="1000" data-end="1018">child betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="1020" data-end="1041">employer betrayal</strong>, and <strong data-start="1047" data-end="1070">parental alienation</strong>—and the severe emotional effects of these traumas. We will also discuss how services such as <strong data-start="1164" data-end="1179">counselling</strong>, <strong data-start="1181" data-end="1198">psychotherapy</strong>, <strong data-start="1200" data-end="1223">couples counselling</strong>, <strong data-start="1225" data-end="1249">marriage counselling</strong>, <strong data-start="1251" data-end="1291">RTT (Rapid Transformational Therapy)</strong>, and <strong data-start="1297" data-end="1322">clinical hypnotherapy</strong> can help you process and recover from these traumatic experiences and move towards emotional stability.</p>
<h2 data-start="1411" data-end="1438">What is Betrayal Trauma?</h2>
<p data-start="1440" data-end="1909">Betrayal trauma refers to the emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical harm that occurs when someone you have deeply trusted betrays that trust. This can happen in any relationship where a deep emotional connection or practical reliance exists. It can happen in <strong data-start="1692" data-end="1711">spouse betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="1713" data-end="1732">family betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="1734" data-end="1757">friendship betrayal</strong>, <strong data-start="1759" data-end="1780">employer betrayal</strong>, or even institutional betrayal, where an organisation or authority figure fails to protect or acts against your best interests.</p>
<p data-start="1911" data-end="2261">The betrayal can involve infidelity, dishonesty, lies, emotional manipulation, neglect, or any other form of deceit that causes harm to your sense of safety and trust. When the person who betrays you is someone you rely on for emotional, physical, or financial security, the trauma can be much deeper, leaving you feeling helpless, hurt, and disillusioned.</p>
<h2 data-start="2263" data-end="2290">Types of Betrayal Trauma</h2>
<p data-start="2292" data-end="2439">Betrayal trauma manifests in various forms, each carrying its own emotional consequences. Some of the most common forms of betrayal trauma include:</p>
<h3 data-start="2441" data-end="2460">Spouse Betrayal</h3>
<p data-start="2462" data-end="2819">Betrayal in romantic relationships often comes in the form of infidelity, hidden addictions, financial deception, or emotional manipulation. These betrayals are particularly painful because they involve someone who you’ve built a life and trust with. <strong data-start="2713" data-end="2732">Spouse betrayal</strong> can lead to long-term emotional consequences, including PTSD, Complex PTSD, Trauma, Stress, Overwhelm, Anxiety, Depression and Health Issues.</p>
<h3 data-start="2821" data-end="2840">Family Betrayal</h3>
<p data-start="2842" data-end="3226"><strong data-start="2842" data-end="2861">Family betrayal</strong> can be one of the most painful types of trauma. Family members are often expected to be your primary support network, so when they betray your trust—whether through emotional manipulation, neglect, or deceit—the impact can be long-lasting. <strong data-start="3102" data-end="3122">Sibling betrayal</strong> and <strong data-start="3127" data-end="3148">parental betrayal</strong> are common types of family betrayal that often involve deep emotional wounds and psychological pain and suffering.</p>
<h3 data-start="3228" data-end="3248">Sibling Betrayal</h3>
<p data-start="3250" data-end="3515">Betrayal from a sibling can be especially painful because siblings often share a deep bond from childhood. Whether it involves jealousy, competition, dishonesty, or neglect, <strong data-start="3424" data-end="3444">sibling betrayal</strong> can tear apart family relationships, creating lasting emotional scars, that are passed on through the next generations.</p>
<h3 data-start="3517" data-end="3538">Employer Betrayal</h3>
<p data-start="3540" data-end="3793">Betrayal in the workplace can take many forms, from discrimination and harassment to broken promises, manipulation, bullying, or exploitation. When an employer or colleague betrays your trust, it can severely affect your career, self-esteem, and emotional health and often has lasting effects on financial health.</p>
<h3 data-start="3795" data-end="3813">Child Betrayal</h3>
<p data-start="3815" data-end="4185"><strong data-start="3815" data-end="3833">Child betrayal</strong> can be particularly damaging, as children rely heavily on their caregivers for emotional security and support. When a child’s trust is broken—whether by abuse, neglect, or emotional manipulation—it can have lasting effects on their emotional development. <strong data-start="4089" data-end="4114">Child betrayal trauma</strong> can affect the child’s future relationships and overall mental health as well as lasting effects on physical health in the longer term.</p>
<h3 data-start="4187" data-end="4232">Parental Alienation and It&#8217;s Severe Impact</h3>
<p data-start="4234" data-end="4666"><strong data-start="4234" data-end="4257">Parental alienation</strong> is a particularly devastating form of betrayal trauma, especially for parents and grandparents who are alienated from their children. This occurs when one parent manipulates the child’s perception of the other parent, often through emotional manipulation, lies, and deceit. The child, influenced by one parent, may begin to reject the alienated parent, causing deep emotional pain for both the child and the alienated parent.</p>
<p data-start="4668" data-end="5333">In Ireland, <strong data-start="4680" data-end="4703">parental alienation</strong> has become a growing issue, with many parents experiencing the pain of being unjustly alienated from their children. This trauma doesn’t just affect the parent who is alienated—it can also have severe consequences for the child, who may be left with confusion, long term guilt and shame, emotional distress, school problems, focus issues, learning difficulties,  as well as academic issues, social issues, social anxiety, general anxiety, and long term mental health and physical health issues. The alienated parent experiences profound emotional devastation, <strong>grieving their living child</strong>, as well as feelings of  abandonment, hopelessness, and their loss of identity. The damage caused by <strong data-start="5156" data-end="5179">parental alienation</strong> can last for years and decades. Grieving the loss of their living child, without closure. Affecting not only the relationship between the parent who has been alienated and child,  but also the<strong> emotional, psychological and physical health</strong> and well-being of both parties.</p>
<p data-start="5335" data-end="5726">For the parent who is alienated, the emotional toll can be overwhelming. The sense of helplessness and rejection is profound, and the parent may struggle with immense grief, anxiety, and depression. In severe cases, parental alienation can even lead to trauma symptoms such as PTSD, complex PTSD (c-PTSD), as well as physical health problems. The damage done to the parent is often compounded by the child’s rejection, which feels like an additional betrayal upon the <strong>intense pain </strong>and<strong> devastating grief.</strong></p>
<h2 data-start="5728" data-end="5774">The Psychological Impact of Betrayal Trauma</h2>
<p data-start="5776" data-end="6042">Betrayal trauma can cause significant psychological distress. The emotional and mental effects can be long-lasting, affecting your ability to trust others, manage your emotions, and maintain healthy relationships. Some of the key symptoms of betrayal trauma include:</p>
<ul data-start="6044" data-end="7906">
<li data-start="6044" data-end="6238">
<p data-start="6046" data-end="6238"><strong data-start="6046" data-end="6069">Shock and Disbelief</strong> – Betrayal trauma often hits suddenly, leaving you in a state of confusion and disbelief. It can take time to fully comprehend the betrayal and its impact on your life.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="6239" data-end="6433">
<p data-start="6241" data-end="6433"><strong data-start="6241" data-end="6259">Grief and Loss</strong> – Just like the death of a loved one, betrayal often leads to feelings of grief and loss. You mourn the loss of trust, security, and, in some cases, the relationship itself.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="6434" data-end="6661">
<p data-start="6436" data-end="6661"><strong data-start="6436" data-end="6457">Anxiety and Panic</strong> – The emotional impact of betrayal can lead to heightened anxiety, panic attacks, and fear of future betrayals. The trauma can make you feel unsafe, even in situations where there is no immediate danger.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="6662" data-end="6859">
<p data-start="6664" data-end="6859"><strong data-start="6664" data-end="6678">Depression</strong> – Betrayal trauma can cause feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair. You may feel overwhelmed by the weight of the situation, leading to depression and a loss of motivation.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="6860" data-end="7047">
<p data-start="6862" data-end="7047"><strong data-start="6862" data-end="6886">Anger and Resentment</strong> – It is natural to feel anger and resentment toward the person who betrayed you. This anger can sometimes be overwhelming and make it difficult to move forward.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="7048" data-end="7301">
<p data-start="7050" data-end="7301"><strong data-start="7050" data-end="7091">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)</strong> – In severe cases, betrayal trauma can result in PTSD, with symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and nightmares. Individuals may experience emotional numbness and find it difficult to trust others.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="7302" data-end="7525">
<p data-start="7304" data-end="7525"><strong data-start="7304" data-end="7329">Damage to Self-Esteem</strong> – Betrayal can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, making it hard to believe in your own worth. This can impact your confidence and ability to form healthy relationships in the future.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="7526" data-end="7702">
<p data-start="7528" data-end="7702"><strong data-start="7528" data-end="7555">Emotional Dysregulation</strong> – Betrayal can leave you emotionally distraught and unstable, with difficulty regulating emotions, which can lead to outbursts of anger, sadness, or frustration,  depression and severe ill health.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="7703" data-end="7906">
<p data-start="7705" data-end="7906"><strong data-start="7705" data-end="7725">Chronic Mistrust</strong> – After experiencing betrayal, it can be difficult to trust others, even those who are not responsible for the betrayal. This chronic mistrust can lead to isolation and loneliness.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-start="7908" data-end="7944">How Professional Support Can Help</h2>
<p data-start="7946" data-end="8373">The emotional pain caused by betrayal trauma is real, but it can be helped and managed with the right support. At <a title="Home" href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/">Counselling Experts</a>, we offer a range of professional services designed to help you work through the trauma and regain emotional stability. Whether through <strong>Counselling, Psychotherapy</strong>, <strong data-start="8244" data-end="8251">RTT</strong>, <strong>Advanced RTT, Registered Nutritionist, </strong><strong data-start="8256" data-end="8281">Clinical Hypnotherapy or</strong> <strong>Clinical Medical Hypnotherapy</strong> we can help you address the root causes of your trauma and work toward emotional recovery, mental recovery and your physical health.</p>
<h3 data-start="8375" data-end="8413">1. Counselling for Betrayal Trauma</h3>
<p data-start="8415" data-end="8663"><strong data-start="8415" data-end="8430">Counselling</strong> provides a safe space to explore and process the emotions caused by betrayal. With a trained counsellor, you can work through your grief, anger, and sadness and develop healthy coping strategies for managing your mental and emotional distress.</p>
<h3 data-start="8665" data-end="8705">2. Psychotherapy for Trauma Recovery</h3>
<p data-start="8707" data-end="9035"><strong data-start="8707" data-end="8724">Psychotherapy</strong>, such as <strong data-start="8734" data-end="8773">Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)</strong> or <strong data-start="8777" data-end="8803">trauma-focused therapy</strong>, helps you understand the deeper emotional and psychological effects of betrayal trauma. By addressing negative thought patterns, psychotherapy can help you manage and recover from anxiety, depression, and PTSD while promoting emotional resilience, mental health and better physical health.</p>
<h3 data-start="9037" data-end="9088">3. Couples Counselling and Marriage Counselling</h3>
<p data-start="9090" data-end="9387">When betrayal occurs in a relationship, <strong data-start="9130" data-end="9153">couples counselling</strong> or <strong data-start="9157" data-end="9181">marriage counselling</strong> can be instrumental in restoring trust and communication. These sessions provide a neutral environment to discuss the betrayal, understand its impact, and rebuild the emotional connection between partners.</p>
<h3 data-start="9389" data-end="9432">4. RTT (Rapid Transformational Therapy)</h3>
<p data-start="9434" data-end="9750"><strong data-start="9434" data-end="9441">RTT</strong> is an effective and transformative approach to addressing trauma. It combines hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and coaching to help reprogram emotional responses and negative thought patterns that result from betrayal trauma. RTT can help you reclaim your emotional health and rebuild a positive outlook on life.</p>
<h3 data-start="9752" data-end="9799">5. Clinical Hypnotherapy for Emotional Pain</h3>
<p data-start="9801" data-end="10094"><strong data-start="9801" data-end="9826">Clinical hypnotherapy</strong> allows you to access the subconscious mind, where deep-seated emotional trauma may be stored. Through hypnosis, we can work together to address the root causes of betrayal trauma and help you reframe emotional responses, reduce anxiety, and foster emotional recovery.</p>
<h3 data-start="10096" data-end="10151">6. Hypnotherapy for Betrayal or Coping with Parental Alienation</h3>
<p data-start="10153" data-end="10422">For those experiencing the trauma of <strong>Betrayal</strong> or <strong data-start="10190" data-end="10213">parental alienation</strong>, <strong data-start="10215" data-end="10231">hypnotherapy</strong> can be particularly effective. It allows the alienated parent to address the emotional pain of rejection, work through feelings of grief and anger, and regain a sense of emotional stability.</p>
<h2 data-start="10424" data-end="10463">Take the First Step Towards Recovery</h2>
<p data-start="10465" data-end="10906">Betrayal trauma, whether from <strong data-start="10495" data-end="10505">family</strong>, <strong data-start="10507" data-end="10517">spouse</strong>, <strong data-start="10519" data-end="10530">sibling</strong>, <strong data-start="10532" data-end="10541">child</strong>, or <strong data-start="10546" data-end="10558">employer</strong>, can have profound emotional consequences. But with the right professional support, you can begin the journey to emotional stability. At <strong>Counselling Experts</strong>, we are committed to helping <strong>adults, children and teenagers</strong> process betrayal trauma and rebuild their emotional well-being through <strong data-start="10831" data-end="10846">counselling</strong>, <strong data-start="10848" data-end="10865">psychotherapy</strong>, <strong data-start="10867" data-end="10874">RTT</strong>, <strong>Nutrition, Clinical Medical Hypnotherapy</strong> and <strong data-start="10880" data-end="10905">clinical hypnotherapy</strong>.</p>
<p data-start="10908" data-end="11096">If you’re ready to take the first step towards emotional recovery, <strong data-start="10975" data-end="11025"><a class="cursor-pointer" title="Contact" href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/counselling-experts-contact-claire-russell-counselling-nutrition-hypnotherapy-psychotherapy-newcastlewest-limerick-youghal-cork-shane-murphy-counselling-psychotherapy-limerick-cork/" data-start="10977" data-end="11023">book a consultation now</a></strong>. Let’s work together to overcome the pain and build a brighter future.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li>
<h3 data-start="193" data-end="262"><strong data-start="197" data-end="262">Scientific References for Betrayal Trauma and Related Topics:</strong></h3>
<ol data-start="264" data-end="5120">
<li data-start="264" data-end="430">
<p data-start="267" data-end="430"><strong data-start="267" data-end="346">Freyd, J. (1991). Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting and Remembering.</strong><br data-start="346" data-end="349" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20852989" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="352" data-end="430">https://www.jstor.org/stable/20852989</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="432" data-end="612">
<p data-start="435" data-end="612"><strong data-start="435" data-end="528">McGlynn, C., &amp; Christianson, S. (2019). Betrayal Trauma and Its Effects on Mental Health.</strong><br data-start="528" data-end="531" /><a class="" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26995368" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="534" data-end="612">https://www.jstor.org/stable/26995368</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="614" data-end="781">
<p data-start="617" data-end="781"><strong data-start="617" data-end="707">Hooper, L. (2017). The Psychological Impact of Betrayal Trauma in Close Relationships.</strong><br data-start="707" data-end="710" /><a class="" href="https://www.journals.sagepub.com" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="713" data-end="781">https://www.journals.sagepub.com</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="783" data-end="955">
<p data-start="786" data-end="955"><strong data-start="786" data-end="889">Smith, D. L. (2018). Emotional Dysregulation in the Wake of Betrayal: Causes and Coping Mechanisms.</strong><br data-start="889" data-end="892" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://journals.sagepub.com" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="895" data-end="955">https://journals.sagepub.com</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="957" data-end="1217">
<p data-start="960" data-end="1217"><strong data-start="960" data-end="1087">Miralles, P. (2023). Long-term Emotional Consequences of Parental Alienation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.</strong><br data-start="1087" data-end="1090" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-021-02537-2" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1093" data-end="1217">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-021-02537-2</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="1219" data-end="1400">
<p data-start="1222" data-end="1400"><strong data-start="1222" data-end="1308">Verhaar, S. (2022). The Impact of Parental Alienating Behaviours on Mental Health.</strong><br data-start="1308" data-end="1311" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35455519/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1314" data-end="1400">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35455519/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="1402" data-end="1681">
<p data-start="1405" data-end="1681"><strong data-start="1405" data-end="1543">Browne, M. (2024). The Place of the Sibling in Accounts of Abuse and Neglect. Duquesne University Electronic Theses and Dissertations.</strong><br data-start="1543" data-end="1546" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3321&amp;context=etd" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1549" data-end="1681">https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3321&amp;context=etd</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="1683" data-end="1946">
<p data-start="1686" data-end="1946"><strong data-start="1686" data-end="1820">Lalot, F. (2023). The Unkindest Cut of All: A Quantitative Study of Betrayal Trauma. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.</strong><br data-start="1820" data-end="1823" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/casp.2738" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1826" data-end="1946">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/casp.2738</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="1948" data-end="2208">
<p data-start="1951" data-end="2208"><strong data-start="1951" data-end="2098">Park, S. (2023). Institutional Betrayal, Burnout, and Career Choice Regret Among Healthcare Workers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.</strong><br data-start="2098" data-end="2101" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299761/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2104" data-end="2208">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299761/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="2210" data-end="2534">
<p data-start="2214" data-end="2534"><strong data-start="2214" data-end="2300">Dee, T. (2024). How Keeping Money Secrets Impacts Mental Health. Psychology Today.</strong><br data-start="2300" data-end="2303" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/resilience-rising/202402/how-keeping-money-secrets-impacts-mental-health" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2306" data-end="2534">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/resilience-rising/202402/how-keeping-money-secrets-impacts-mental-health</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="2536" data-end="2736">
<p data-start="2540" data-end="2736"><strong data-start="2540" data-end="2644">Christl, M. E. (2024). When Institutions Harm Those Who Depend on Them. Journal of Traumatic Stress.</strong><br data-start="2644" data-end="2647" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38258307/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2650" data-end="2736">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38258307/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="2738" data-end="2963">
<p data-start="2742" data-end="2963"><strong data-start="2742" data-end="2853">Dufour, G. K. (2024). The Insidiousness of Institutional Betrayal: An Ecological Perspective. Traumatology.</strong><br data-start="2853" data-end="2856" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11545134/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2859" data-end="2963">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11545134/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="2965" data-end="3315">
<p data-start="2969" data-end="3315"><strong data-start="2969" data-end="3095">Gobin, R. L. (2012). The Impact of Betrayal Trauma on the Tendency to Trust. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.</strong><br data-start="3095" data-end="3098" /><a class="" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274867322_The_Impact_of_Betrayal_Trauma_on_the_Tendency_to_Trust" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3101" data-end="3315">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274867322_The_Impact_of_Betrayal_Trauma_on_the_Tendency_to_Trust</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="3317" data-end="3531">
<p data-start="3321" data-end="3531"><strong data-start="3321" data-end="3439">Gagnon, K. L. (2016). Betrayal Trauma and Child Symptoms: The Role of Emotion Skills. Journal of Traumatic Stress.</strong><br data-start="3439" data-end="3442" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26275005/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3445" data-end="3531">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26275005/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="3533" data-end="3819">
<p data-start="3537" data-end="3819"><strong data-start="3537" data-end="3665">Ross III, D. B. (2018). The Impact of Psychological Trauma on Finance: Narrative Perspectives. Journal of Financial Therapy.</strong><br data-start="3665" data-end="3668" />https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&amp;context=jft</p>
</li>
<li data-start="3821" data-end="4072">
<p data-start="3825" data-end="4072"><strong data-start="3825" data-end="3930">Kucukkaragoz, H. (2025). Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Analysis. SDGs Review.</strong><br data-start="3930" data-end="3933" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://sdgsreview.org/LifestyleJournal/article/download/6146/2844" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3936" data-end="4072">https://sdgsreview.org/LifestyleJournal/article/download/6146/2844</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="4074" data-end="4358">
<p data-start="4078" data-end="4358"><strong data-start="4078" data-end="4224">Miralles, P., &amp; McDonald, J. (2024). Long-Term Impact of Sibling Betrayal on Adult Mental Health. The Journal of Mental Health and Counseling.</strong><br data-start="4224" data-end="4227" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2046264420983679" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="4230" data-end="4358">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2046264420983679</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="4360" data-end="4626">
<p data-start="4364" data-end="4626"><strong data-start="4364" data-end="4484">Davies, M. (2023). Exploring the Psychological Effects of Betrayal in Marriage. The Journal of Relationship Therapy.</strong><br data-start="4484" data-end="4487" /><a class="cursor-pointer" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14753134.2023.2077567" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="4490" data-end="4626">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14753134.2023.2077567</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="4628" data-end="4899">
<p data-start="4632" data-end="4899"><strong data-start="4632" data-end="4769">Brenner, M. &amp; Stevens, P. (2023). Trauma and the Unspoken Betrayal: Emotional Regulation and Recovery in Adults. Clinical Psychology.</strong><br data-start="4769" data-end="4772" />https://www.journals.elsevier.com/clinical-psychology-review</p>
</li>
<li data-start="4901" data-end="5120">
<p data-start="4905" data-end="5120"><strong data-start="4905" data-end="5028">Johnson, S. (2024). Psychological Responses to Workplace Betrayal and Abuse. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.</strong><br data-start="5028" data-end="5031" /><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38391979/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38391979/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="11514" data-end="11701">
<p data-start="11517" data-end="11701">Freyd, J. (1991). Betrayal Trauma: The Logic of Forgetting and Remembering. <em data-start="11593" data-end="11619">Harvard University Press</em>. <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20852989"><strong>https://www.jstor.org/stable/20852989</strong></a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="11702" data-end="11906">
<p data-start="11705" data-end="11906">McGlynn, C., &amp; Christianson, S. (2019). Betrayal Trauma and Its Effects on Mental Health. <em data-start="11795" data-end="11824">Journal of Traumatic Stress</em>. <a class="" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26995368" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="11826" data-end="11904">https://www.jstor.org/stable/26995368</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="11907" data-end="12108">
<p data-start="11910" data-end="12108">Hooper, L. (2017). The Psychological Impact of Betrayal Trauma in Close Relationships. <em data-start="11997" data-end="12036">Journal of Trauma and Emotional Abuse</em>. <a class="" href="https://www.journals.sagepub.com" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="12038" data-end="12106">https://www.journals.sagepub.com</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="12109" data-end="12303">
<p data-start="12112" data-end="12303">Smith, D. L. (2018). Emotional Dysregulation in the Wake of Betrayal: Causes and Coping Mechanisms. <em data-start="12212" data-end="12239">Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse</em>.<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com"> https://journals.sagepub.com</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="12109" data-end="12303">
<p data-start="352" data-end="404"><strong data-start="352" data-end="404">Parental Alienation and Its Effects on Children:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="408" data-end="869">
<li data-start="408" data-end="596">
<p data-start="410" data-end="596">Verhaar, S. (2022). <em data-start="430" data-end="493">The Impact of Parental Alienating Behaviours on Mental Health</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="510" data-end="596">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35455519/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="600" data-end="869">
<p data-start="602" data-end="869">Miralles, P. (2023). <em data-start="623" data-end="680">Long-term Emotional Consequences of Parental Alienation</em>. <em data-start="682" data-end="728">Journal of Social and Personal Relationships</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="745" data-end="869">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-021-02537-2</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="12109" data-end="12303">
<ol data-start="349" data-end="4438">
<li data-start="871" data-end="1489"></li>
<li data-start="871" data-end="1489">
<p data-start="874" data-end="924"><strong data-start="874" data-end="924">Sibling Betrayal and Its Psychological Impact:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="928" data-end="1489">
<li data-start="928" data-end="1197">
<p data-start="930" data-end="1197">van Berkel, S. R. (2025). <em data-start="956" data-end="1017">Experiences of Therapy After Childhood Sibling Sexual Abuse</em>. <em data-start="1019" data-end="1042">Child Abuse &amp; Neglect</em>. Retrieved from <a class="" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213424005283" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1059" data-end="1197">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213424005283</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="1201" data-end="1489">
<p data-start="1203" data-end="1489">Browne, M. (2024). <em data-start="1222" data-end="1281">The Place of the Sibling in Accounts of Abuse and Neglect</em>. <em data-start="1283" data-end="1340">Duquesne University Electronic Theses and Dissertations</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1357" data-end="1489">https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3321&amp;context=etd</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="1491" data-end="1821">
<p data-start="1494" data-end="1545"><strong data-start="1494" data-end="1545">Spouse Betrayal and Its Emotional Consequences:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1549" data-end="1821">
<li data-start="1549" data-end="1821">
<p data-start="1551" data-end="1821">Lalot, F. (2023). <em data-start="1569" data-end="1636">The Unkindest Cut of All: A Quantitative Study of Betrayal Trauma</em>. <em data-start="1638" data-end="1684">Journal of Social and Personal Relationships</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="1701" data-end="1821">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/casp.2738</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="1823" data-end="2153">
<p data-start="1826" data-end="1880"><strong data-start="1826" data-end="1880">Employer Betrayal and Its Impact on Mental Health:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1884" data-end="2153">
<li data-start="1884" data-end="2153">
<p data-start="1886" data-end="2153">Park, S. (2023). <em data-start="1903" data-end="1987">Institutional Betrayal, Burnout, and Career Choice Regret Among Healthcare Workers</em>. <em data-start="1989" data-end="2032">Journal of Occupational Health Psychology</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2049" data-end="2153">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299761/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="2155" data-end="2547">
<p data-start="2158" data-end="2211"><strong data-start="2158" data-end="2211">Financial Betrayal and Its Psychological Effects:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2215" data-end="2547">
<li data-start="2215" data-end="2547">
<p data-start="2217" data-end="2547">Dee, T. (2024). <em data-start="2233" data-end="2282">How Keeping Money Secrets Impacts Mental Health</em>. <em data-start="2284" data-end="2302">Psychology Today</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2319" data-end="2547">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/resilience-rising/202402/how-keeping-money-secrets-impacts-mental-health</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="2549" data-end="3063">
<p data-start="2552" data-end="2614"><strong data-start="2552" data-end="2614">Institutional Betrayal and Its Psychological Consequences:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="2618" data-end="3063">
<li data-start="2618" data-end="2826">
<p data-start="2620" data-end="2826">Christl, M. E. (2024). <em data-start="2643" data-end="2692">When Institutions Harm Those Who Depend on Them</em>. <em data-start="2694" data-end="2723">Journal of Traumatic Stress</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2740" data-end="2826">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38258307/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="2830" data-end="3063">
<p data-start="2832" data-end="3063">Dufour, G. K. (2024). <em data-start="2854" data-end="2926">The Insidiousness of Institutional Betrayal: An Ecological Perspective</em>. <em data-start="2928" data-end="2942">Traumatology</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2959" data-end="3063">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11545134/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="3065" data-end="3475">
<p data-start="3068" data-end="3113"><strong data-start="3068" data-end="3113">Betrayal Trauma and Its Effects on Trust:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3117" data-end="3475">
<li data-start="3117" data-end="3475">
<p data-start="3119" data-end="3475">Gobin, R. L. (2012). <em data-start="3140" data-end="3196">The Impact of Betrayal Trauma on the Tendency to Trust</em>. <em data-start="3198" data-end="3244">Journal of Social and Personal Relationships</em>. Retrieved from <a class="" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274867322_The_Impact_of_Betrayal_Trauma_on_the_Tendency_to_Trust" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3261" data-end="3475">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274867322_The_Impact_of_Betrayal_Trauma_on_the_Tendency_to_Trust</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="3477" data-end="3747">
<p data-start="3480" data-end="3521"><strong data-start="3480" data-end="3521">Betrayal Trauma and Its Role in PTSD:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3525" data-end="3747">
<li data-start="3525" data-end="3747">
<p data-start="3527" data-end="3747">Gagnon, K. L. (2016). <em data-start="3549" data-end="3613">Betrayal Trauma and Child Symptoms: The Role of Emotion Skills</em>. <em data-start="3615" data-end="3644">Journal of Traumatic Stress</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3661" data-end="3747">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26275005/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="3749" data-end="4106">
<p data-start="3752" data-end="3808"><strong data-start="3752" data-end="3808">Financial Trauma and Its Mental Health Implications:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3812" data-end="4106">
<li data-start="3812" data-end="4106">
<p data-start="3814" data-end="4106">Ross III, D. B. (2018). <em data-start="3838" data-end="3909">The Impact of Psychological Trauma on Finance: Narrative Perspectives</em>. <em data-start="3911" data-end="3941">Journal of Financial Therapy</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="3958" data-end="4106">https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&amp;context=jft</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="4108" data-end="4438">
<p data-start="4112" data-end="4174"><strong data-start="4112" data-end="4174">Parental Alienation Syndrome and Its Psychological Impact:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="4179" data-end="4438">
<li data-start="4179" data-end="4438">
<p data-start="4181" data-end="4438">Kucukkaragoz, H. (2025). <em data-start="4206" data-end="4270">Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Analysis</em>. <em data-start="4272" data-end="4285">SDGs Review</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="4302" data-end="4438">https://sdgsreview.org/LifestyleJournal/article/download/6146/2844</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p data-start="352" data-end="404"><strong data-start="352" data-end="404">Parental Alienation and Its Effects on Children:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="408" data-end="869">
<li data-start="408" data-end="596">
<p data-start="410" data-end="596">Verhaar, S. (2022). <em data-start="430" data-end="493">The Impact of Parental Alienating Behaviours on Mental Health</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="510" data-end="596">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35455519/</a></p>
</li>
<li data-start="600" data-end="869">
<p data-start="602" data-end="869">Miralles, P. (2023). <em data-start="623" data-end="680">Long-term Emotional Consequences of Parental Alienation</em>. <em data-start="682" data-end="728">Journal of Social and Personal Relationships</em>. Retrieved from <a class="cursor-pointer" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="745" data-end="869">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-021-02537-2</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><p>The post <a href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/betrayal-trauma-counselling-rtt-hypnotherapy-limerick-cork-ireland-online/">Betrayal Trauma Counselling, RTT, Hypnotherapy Limerick Cork & ONLINE</a> first appeared on <a href="https://counsellingexperts.ie">Counselling Experts</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://counsellingexperts.ie/betrayal-trauma-counselling-rtt-hypnotherapy-limerick-cork-ireland-online/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>What is Complex PTSD?</title>
		<link>https://counsellingexperts.ie/what-is-complex-ptsd/</link>
					<comments>https://counsellingexperts.ie/what-is-complex-ptsd/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:29:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anxiety Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[C PTSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[C PTSD Limerick & Cork]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnosis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnotherapy Co Limerick]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnotherapy Cork]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hypnotherapy Limerick]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PTSD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PTSD Limerick & CORK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma Limerick & CORK]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://counsellingexperts.ie/?p=2735</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Understanding Complex PTSD: A Guide to Recovery When people think of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they often associate it with a single, life-altering event such as an accident, assault, or natural disaster. However, complex PTSD (C-PTSD) is a condition that develops after long-term exposure to repeated trauma, often in situations where escape is difficult or [...]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Understanding Complex PTSD: A Guide to Recovery</strong></p>
<p>When people think of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they often associate it with a single, life-altering event such as an accident, assault, or natural disaster. However, complex PTSD (C-PTSD) is a condition that develops after long-term exposure to repeated trauma, often in situations where escape is difficult or impossible.</p>
<h3>What is Complex PTSD?</h3>
<p>Complex PTSD stems from prolonged emotional, physical, or psychological abuse. Unlike PTSD, which can arise from a single distressing incident, C-PTSD results from ongoing trauma—such as childhood neglect, domestic violence, or long-term captivity. It profoundly affects a person’s sense of self, emotional regulation, and relationships.</p>
<p>While not officially classified in the DSM-5, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) recognizes C-PTSD as a distinct condition, highlighting its unique challenges and symptoms.</p>
<h3>How Does Complex PTSD Differ from PTSD?</h3>
<p>Both PTSD and C-PTSD involve intrusive memories, heightened anxiety, and emotional distress. However, C-PTSD includes additional challenges that significantly impact daily life:</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li><strong>Chronic feelings of shame or worthlessness</strong></li>
<li><strong>Emotional instability and mood swings</strong></li>
<li><strong>Difficulty trusting others or maintaining relationships</strong></li>
<li><strong>Feeling disconnected from reality or oneself</strong></li>
<li><strong>Self-destructive behaviours or avoidance patterns</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Recognizing the Symptoms of C-PTSD</h3>
<p>If you or someone you know has endured long-term trauma, recognizing the symptoms of C-PTSD is the first step toward healing. Common symptoms include:</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li><strong>Flashbacks and nightmares</strong> – Reliving past trauma through intrusive memories</li>
<li><strong>Hypervigilance and anxiety</strong> – Feeling constantly on edge or easily startled</li>
<li><strong>Emotional numbness</strong> – Struggling to connect with emotions or feeling detached from life</li>
<li><strong>Persistent guilt and self-doubt</strong> – Internalizing blame for past experiences</li>
<li><strong>Avoidance behaviours</strong> – Steering clear of people, places, or situations that trigger painful memories</li>
</ul>
<h3>What Causes Complex PTSD?</h3>
<p>C-PTSD can develop in response to ongoing trauma, including:</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li><strong>Childhood neglect, abuse, or abandonment</strong></li>
<li><strong>Domestic violence or coercive control</strong></li>
<li><strong>Prolonged bullying or workplace harassment</strong></li>
<li><strong>Human trafficking or captivity</strong></li>
<li><strong>Living in war zones or experiencing political oppression</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing C-PTSD, such as experiencing trauma at a young age, being harmed by a trusted caregiver or partner, or having no control over the situation.</p>
<h3>How Counselling Experts Can Help</h3>
<p>Healing from complex PTSD requires compassionate, trauma-informed support. At Counselling Experts, we offer specialized therapy approaches tailored to your unique experience, helping you reclaim your sense of self and well-being.</p>
<h4>Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT)</h4>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>Helps identify and change negative thought patterns</li>
<li>Teaches coping strategies for managing distressing emotions</li>
<li>Supports rebuilding self-esteem and confidence</li>
</ul>
<h4>Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)</h4>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>Encourages emotional regulation and mindfulness</li>
<li>Reduces impulsive behaviours and self-destructive cycles</li>
<li>Strengthens relationships and personal boundaries</li>
</ul>
<h4>Somatic Therapy &amp; Mind-Body Healing</h4>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>Uses movement-based techniques like yoga and breathwork</li>
<li>Helps release trauma stored in the body</li>
<li>Restores a sense of safety and physical well-being</li>
</ul>
<h4>Clinical Medical Hypnotherapy</h4>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>Provides a deep state of relaxation to access and process traumatic memories safely</li>
<li>Helps reduce anxiety, panic attacks, and emotional distress</li>
<li>Supports positive behavioural changes and emotional resilience</li>
</ul>
<h4>Medication &amp; Holistic Support</h4>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>In some cases, medication may assist in managing anxiety or depression</li>
<li>We work collaboratively with medical professionals to ensure a personalized care plan</li>
</ul>
<h3>Start Your Healing Journey Today</h3>
<p>You don’t have to navigate trauma alone. At Counselling Experts, we provide a safe, supportive space where you can heal and regain control over your life.</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li><strong>Overcome negative thought patterns</strong></li>
<li><strong>Strengthen emotional resilience</strong></li>
<li><strong>Build healthier relationships</strong></li>
<li><strong>Find inner peace and balance</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Take the First Step</strong></p>
<p>If you’re struggling with the effects of long-term trauma, support is available. <a title="Contact" href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/counselling-experts-contact-claire-russell-counselling-nutrition-hypnotherapy-psychotherapy-newcastlewest-limerick-youghal-cork-shane-murphy-counselling-psychotherapy-limerick-cork/">Contact  Claire  or  Shane at  Counselling Experts</a> for a confidential consultation and begin your journey toward healing.</p>
<p>If you need immediate crisis support, please reach out to Samaritans at 116 123 or contact a trusted local helpline.</p>
<p>Your path to recovery starts today. Let’s take the first step together.</p><p>The post <a href="https://counsellingexperts.ie/what-is-complex-ptsd/">What is Complex PTSD?</a> first appeared on <a href="https://counsellingexperts.ie">Counselling Experts</a>.</p>]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://counsellingexperts.ie/what-is-complex-ptsd/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
